El fortalecimiento de la refinación del petróleo en México, como una alternativa para incrementar el valor agregado al petróleo crudo

Abstract

se desarrolló un análisis de las diversas tecnologías de ULSG que presentan los tecnólogos a nivel mundial y que por sus configuraciones, son más factibles de adaptarse al Sistema Nacional de Refinación; siendo parámetros importantes los costos de adquisición de tecnología, materias primas, impacto ambiental y consumo de energía. Los tecnólogos seleccionados para el análisis fueron aquellos que tienen mayor aplicación dentro de las refinerías en países como: Estados Unidos, China, Rusia, Japón, Canadá, India y Francia.

ABSTRACT:

The objective of this thesis was a study of the state of the art existing technologies that have worldwide and that are applicable within the System National Refining (SNR) for the desulfurization process of Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (ULSG), in order to help Mexico reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), by improving the quality of Pemex Premium gasoline and Pemex Magna gasoline, and thus meet the specifications that marks the Mexican Official Standard NOM­086­SEMARNAT­SENER­SCFI­2005, Specifications of fossil fuels for environmental protection, which establishes that these Pemex Premium gasoline and Pemex Magna gasoline should be capped 30 parts per million (ppm) average sulfur weight and 80 ppm sulfur weight respectively. Therefore, was developed an analysis of the several technologies that have ULSG technologists worldwide and that for their settings, are more practicable to adapt to the System National Refining, being important parameters in the cost of acquisition of technology, raw materials, environmental impact and energy consumption. The technologists selected for analysis were those with greater application in refineries in countries like: U.S.A., China, Russia, Japan, Canada, India and France. For this analysis, first was investigated the technologies related to the process of Ultra Low Sulfur holding each of the selected technologists. Subsequently described the technical advantages held by each of these processes. Finally, we performed a calculation by the method of selection of alternatives with the same processing capabilities, to obtain uniform annual total expenditure and thus the technology is assessed indirectly and which are the best known processes that can be applied to National Refining System. It is worth mentioning that the parameters evaluated were plant capacity, capacity investment (the cost of the plant), the availability and cost of core services and ancillary services as are hydrogen, steam, medium pressure, cooling water, electricity and catalyst. The annual interest rate and maintenance were considered 12% and 2% respectively, according to investment projects Pemex Refining, as well as the costs of principal services and auxiliary services. The result of the uniform annual total expenditure shows that the best first viable technologists can apply in the SNR are: Phillips Petroleum, CDTech (technologist who recently signed a contract with PEMEX Refining for the integration process CDHydro / CDHDS) and Exxon­Mobil with processes 220 and Scanfining Octgain