La calidad del agua es esencial en el ámbito socioeconómico de los países. Esta
se puede ver afectada tanto por actividades naturales como antropogénicas. A
consecuencia del decremento de su calidad, por la ocurrencia de contaminantes
químicos, físicos o biológicos, se pueden presentar efectos adversos a los
ecosistemas y a la salud humana. El hidroarsenisismo, es una enfermedad debida
al consumo crónico de agua con concentraciones elevadas de arsénico, que
puede ser letal.
Las tecnologías convencionales para la remoción de arsénico, generalmente
presentan altos costos de inversión o de operación, y en algunos casos llegan a
generar volúmenes considerables de lodos tóxicos y bajas eficiencias de
remoción. La técnica de aglomeración esférica ha sido estudiada, con resultados
satisfactorios, en la remoción de metales pesados en aguas residuales
industriales. Esta técnica consta de cuatro etapas: precipitación, hidrofobización,
humectación y aglomeración, que son un conjunto de operaciones y procesos
fisicoquímicos que han demostrado altas eficiencias de remoción para los metales
pesados estudiados.
En este trabajo se planteó la posibilidad de remover arsénico de muestras de agua
subterránea destinada al uso y consumo humano, para lo cual se investigó de
manera prioritaria las etapas de precipitación-adsorción e hidrofobización con
agentes tensoactivos tanto comerciales como de origen natural.
Se obtuvo un biosurfactante que consistió en un extracto de material foliar de
Agave durangensis, mismo que queda como desecho en el proceso de jimado en
la elaboración de mezcal. En este extracto se identificaron cuatro saponinas de
tipo agavoside A, agavoside B y agavoside H, además de una sin identificar. Los
resultados muestran remociones de hasta 99.83% en modelos de agua y de
99.99% en aguas naturales. Lo anterior muestra la factibilidad de la remoción de
arsénico por la TAE, empleando como agente hidrofobizante al extracto de
saponina del material foliar de Agave durangensisThe water quality is essential in the socioeconomic ambit of the countries. This
may be affected by natural and anthropogenic activities. Adverse effects to
ecosystems and human health may occur as a result of the decrease of its quality,
for the occurrence of chemical, physical or biological contaminants. The
hidroarsenisismo, is a disease due to chronic consumption of water with high
concentrations of arsenic, which can be lethal.
Conventional technologies for arsenic removal, usually high inversion or operation
costs and in some cases come to generate considerable volumes of toxic sludge
and low efficiencies of removal.
Spherical agglomeration technique has been studied, with satisfactory results in
the removal of heavy metals in industrial waste water. This technique consists of
four stages: precipitation, hidrofobización, humidification and agglomeration, which
are a set of operations and physico-chemical processes that have demonstrated
high efficiencies of removal for the studied heavy metals.
This work studied the possibility of removing arsenic from samples of underground
water utilized for drinking water. Stages of precipitation-adsorption and
hydrophobization were investigated priority, using coagulants and commercial and
natural surfactants agents respectively.
Was obtained a biosurfactant of an extract from leaf tissue of Agave durangensis,
which is a waste in the process of elaboration of mescal and were identified four
type of saponins: agavoside A, agavoside B and H agavoside. Results show
removal of 99.83% in models of water and 99.99% in natural waters with the
biosurfactant.
The above shows the feasibility of the removal of arsenic by the TAE, using as
hidrofobizante a saponin extract of leaf tissue of Agave durangensis
The water quality is essential in the socioeconomic ambit of the countries. This may be affected by natural and anthropogenic activities. Adverse effects to ecosystems and human health may occur as a result of the decrease of its quality, for the occurrence of chemical, physical or biological contaminants. The hidroarsenisismo, is a disease due to chronic consumption of water with high concentrations of arsenic, which can be lethal. Conventional technologies for arsenic removal, usually high inversion or operation costs and in some cases come to generate considerable volumes of toxic sludge and low efficiencies of removal.
Spherical agglomeration technique has been studied, with satisfactory results in the removal of heavy metals in industrial waste water. This technique consists of four stages: precipitation, hidrofobización, humidifica
tion and agglomeration, which are a set of operations and physico-chemical processes that have demonstrated
high efficiencies of removal for the studied heavy metals. This work studied the possibility of removing arsenic from samples of underground water utilized for drinking water. Stages of precipitation-adsorption and hydrophobization were investigated priority, using coagulants and commercial and natural surfactants agents respectively. Was obtained a biosurfactant of an extract from leaf tissue of Agave durangensis, which is a waste in the process of elaboration of mescal and were identified four type of saponins: agavoside A, agavoside B and H agavoside. Results show removal of 99.83% in models of water and 99.99% in natural waters with the biosurfactant. The above shows the feasibility of the removal of arsenic by the TAE, using as
hidrofobizante a saponin extract of leaf tissue of Agave durangensis
.
